Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the bestword(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewedlaughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But ­­­_____some claims tothe contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical filnessLaughter does _____short-term changes in the function of the heart and itsblood vessels, ____ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughteris difficult to ____, a good laugh is unlikely to have _____ benefits the way,say, walking or jogging does.
____, instead of straining muscles to buildthem, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the ____, studiesdating back to the 1930’sindicate that laughter. muscles,
Such bodily reaction might conceivablyhelp____the effects of psychological stress.Anyway,the act of laughing probablydoes produce other types of ______feedback,that improve an individual’semotional state. ______one classical theory of emotion,our feelings arepartially rooted _______ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the19th century that humans do not cry ______they are sad but they become sad whente tears begin to flow.
Although sadness also _______tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow _____ muscular responses.In anexperiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz.

第（1）题应选

[A]among 
[B]except 
[C]despite 
[D]like

第（2）题应选

[A]reflect 
[B]demand 
[C]indicate 
[D]produce

第（3）题应选

[A]stabilizing 
[B]boosting 
[C]impairing 
[D]determining

第（4）题应选

[A]transmit 
[B]sustain 
[C]evaluate 
[D]observe

第（5）题应选

[A]measurable 
[B]manageable 
[C]affordable 
[D]renewable

第（6）题应选

[A]In turn 
[B]In fact 
[C]In addition 
[D]In brief

第（7）题应选

[A]opposite 
[B]impossible 
[C]average 
[D]expected

第（8）题应选

[A]hardens 
[B]weakens 
[C]tightens 
[D]relaxes

第（9）题应选

[A]aggravate 
[B]generate 
[C]moderate 
[D]enhance

第（10）题应选

[A]physical 
[B]mental 
[C]subconscious 
[D]internal

第（11）题应选

[A]Except for 
[B]According to 
[C]Due to 
[D]As for

第（12）题应选

[A]with 
[B]on 
[C]in 
[D]at

第（13）题应选

[A]unless 
[B]until 
[C]if 
[D]because

第（14）题应选

[A]exhausts 
[B]follows 
[C]precedes 
[D]suppresses

第（15）题应选

[A]into 
[B]from 
[C]towards 
[D]beyond

第（16）题应选

[A]fetch 
[B]bite 
[C]pick 
[D]hold

第（17）题应选

[A]disappointed 
[B]excited 
[C]joyful 
[D]indifferent

第（18）题应选

[A]adapted 
[B]catered 
[C]turned 
[D]reacted

第（19）题应选

[A]suggesting 
[B]requiring 
[C]mentioning 
[D]supposing

第（20）题应选

[A]Eventually 
[B]Consequently 
[C]Similarly 
[D]Conversely

Text 4 
It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’sinsightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate MyLife,” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like thesuggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling,life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parentseither happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness:instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-momentjoy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though theday-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Seniorwrites that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later besources of intense gratification and delight.”
The magazine cover showing an attractivemother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image onnewsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive – and newlysingle – mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston ispregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, ormom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.
In a society that so persistentlycelebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret havingchildren is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn’tseem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of thechildren. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t havehad kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message thatchildren are the single most important thing in the world: obviously theirmisery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.
Of course, the image of parenthood thatcelebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic,especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According toseveral studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples,single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how muchwork it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra andBritney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help)is a piece of cake.
It’s hard to imagine that many people aredumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look soglamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’sinteresting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free,happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious waycontributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in thesame way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us lookjust a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.

Jennifer Senior suggests in her articlethat raising a child can bring

[A]temporary delight
[B]enjoyment in progress
[C]happiness in retrospect
[D]lasting reward

We learn from Paragraph 2 that

[A]celebrity moms are a permanent sourcefor gossip.
[B]single mothers with babies deservegreater attention.
[C]news about pregnant celebrities isentertaining.
[D]having children is highly valued by thepublic

It is suggested in Paragraph 3 thatchildless folks

[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.
[B]are largely ignored by the media.
[C]fail to fulfill their socialresponsibilities.
[D]are less likely to be satisfied withtheir life.

According to Paragraph 4, the messageconveyed by celebrity magazines is

[A]soothing.
[B]ambiguous.
[C]compensatory.
[D]misleading.

Which of the following can be inferredfrom the last paragraph?

[A]Having children contributes little tothe glamour of celebrity moms.
[B]Celebrity moms have influenced ourattitude towards child rearing.
[C]Having children intensifies ourdissatisfaction with life.
[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness fromchild rearing

Text 3 
The rough guide to marketing success usedto be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media– such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a majorrole, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumerspassionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alertsabout products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The wayconsumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.
Paid and owned media are controlled bymarketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers actas the initiator for users’ responses. But in some cases, one marketer’s ownedmedia become another marketer’s paid media – for instance, when an e-commerceretailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as ownedmedia whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their contentor e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe isstill in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providerssuch as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson &Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property thatpromotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generatingincome, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, givescompanies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of othercompanies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companiesconcerned.
The same dramatic technological changesthat have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communicationschoices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice theiropinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijackedmedia are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage toconsumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations abouta brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning thatthey can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originallycreated them.
If that happens, passionate consumers wouldtry to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of thetarget company at risk. In such a case, the company’s response may not besufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. ToyotaMotor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisisearlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-mediaresponse campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly onsites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.

Consumers may create “earned” media whenthey are 

[A] obscssed with online shopping atcertain Web sites. 
[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mailssent to them. 
[C] eager to help their friends promotequality products.
[D] enthusiastic about recommending theirfavor

According to Paragraph 2,sold mediafeature 

[A] a safe business environment.
[B] random competition. 
[C] strong user traffic. 
[D] flexibility in organization.

The author indicates in Paragraph 3that earned media

[A] invite constant conflicts withpassionate consumers. 
[B] can be used to produce negative effectsin marketing. 
[C] may be responsible for fiercercompetition.
[D] deserve all the negative comments aboutthem.

Toyota Motor’s experience is cited asan example of 

[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.
[B] persuading customers into boycottingproducts.
[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.
[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.

Which of the following is the textmainly about ?

[A] Alternatives to conventional paidmedia.
[B] Conflict between hijacked and earnedmedia.
[C] Dominance of hijacked media.
[D] Popularity of owned media.

 Text 2 
When Liam McGee departed as president ofBank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Ratherthan cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and saidhe was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting hisambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he wastalking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group,which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.
McGee says leaving without a position linedup gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It alsosent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGeeisn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Expressquit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boardsscrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives whodon’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environmentalso has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud theirreputations. 
As the first signs of recovery begin totake hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. Inthe third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boardsstuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economypicks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.
The decision to quit a senior position tolook for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhuntershave adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the oneswho must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can’t thinkof a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look atsitting CEOs first.”
Those who jumped without a job haven’talways landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicanaa decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she becamehead of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad leftCitigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at amajor financial institution three years later.
Many recruiters say the old disgrace isfading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable tobe between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer tostay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says oneheadhunter. “The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed toolong.”

When McGee announced his departure, hismanner can best be described as being

[A]arrogant.
[B]frank.
[C]self-centered.
[D]impulsive.

According to Paragraph 2, seniorexecutives’ quitting may be spurred by

[A]their expectation of better financialstatus.
[B]their need to reflect on their privatelife.
[C]their strained relations with theboards.
[D]their pursuit of new career goals.

The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph4) most probably means

[A]approved of.
[B]attended to.
[C]hunted for.
[D]guarded against.

It can be inferred from the last paragraphthat

[A]top performers used to cling to theirposts.
[B]loyalty of top performers is gettingout-dated.
[C]top performers care more aboutreputations.
[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditionalrules

Which of the following is the best titlefor the text?

[A]CEOs: Where to Go?
[B]CEOs: All the Way Up?
[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net
[D]The Only Way Out for Top Performers

 Part A 
Directions: 
Read the following four texts. Answer thequestions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)
Text 1
The decision of the New York Philharmonicto hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of theclassical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least.“Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-musiccritic.
One of the reasons why the appointment cameas such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known.Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him“an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hithertobeen led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likelyto have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.
For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbertis a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressivevariety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visitAvery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. AllI have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download stillmore recorded music from iTunes.
Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordingsare no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time,attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists mustcompete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, andmuseums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classicalmusicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, availableeverywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s liveperformances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of thelistener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thusbrought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.
One possible response is for classicalperformers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record.Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, aclassical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turningthe Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” Butwhat will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra’srepertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed,they must first change the relationship between America’s oldest orchestra andthe new audience it hops to attract.

We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert’sappointment has

[A]incurred criticism.
[B]raised suspicion.
[C]received acclaim.
[D]aroused curiosity.

Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artistwho is 

[A]influential.
[B]modest.
[C]respectable.
[D]talented.

The author believes that the devotedconcertgoers

[A]ignore the expenses of liveperformances.
[B]reject most kinds of recordedperformances.
[C]exaggerate the variety of liveperformances.
[D]overestimate the value of live performances

The author believes that the devotedconcertgoers

[A]ignore the expenses of liveperformances.
[B]reject most kinds of recordedperformances.
[C]exaggerate the variety of liveperformances.
[D]overestimate the value of live performances

According to the text, which of thefollowing is true of recordings?

[A]They are often inferior to live concertsin quality.
[B]They are easily accessible to thegeneral public.
[C]They help improve the quality of music.
[D]They have only covered masterpieces.

Regarding Gilbert’s role inrevitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels

[A]doubtful.
[B]enthusiastic.
[C]confident.
[D]puzzled