1．目前，人们的就业压力越来越大 

2．有人主张先就业再择业，有人主张先择业再就业 

3．在我看来…… 

A Job First or a Satisfactory Job First?

听音频，回答下面各题。
        Polar bears hunt seals from sea ice, but could drown ff forced to swim long distances in open water.
Satellite photos 26 by America's space agency, NASA, illustrate the fearful 27 to such bears. An image shows the amount of Arctic Sea ice in 1979. Another image shows the record minimum set this year　on September 16th. The shrinkage is 28 an area greater than Texas, an impossible distance for even the 29 polar bear to swim.
        Scientists say fossil fuels are increasing carbon 30 in the atmosphere. This not only warms the oceans, but threatens biodiversity in cold and warm waters alike. As the carbon dioxide is increased in the atmosphere, a high 31 , about 40 percent of that, goes back into the ocean, and so it's increasing the acid content of the ocean and that's threatening fisheries.
        Scientists at a recent conference at Columbia University's Earth Institute said less ice 32 draw some shipping away from the Panama Canal. This is because a northern route, though still risky, reduces the distance between Europe and Asia by about 6,500 kilometers.
        Countries 33 the Arctic are not the only ones with interests there. There certainly will be interest in the Arctic from nations that don't touch physically on the Arctic; that's very clear for natural resources,
for fishing, for 34 reasons. Energy supplies are among those reasons. Scientists say more open water in the Arctic means more gas from water and extreme weather elsewhere.
        The Arctic is far from most of the world's population. However, scientists 35 that distance is no guarantee people will be spared the effects of warming in the planet's northernmost regions.

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根据以上内容，回答37-46题。
        What would it take to persuade you to exercise? A 36 to lose weight or improve your figure? To keep heart disease, cancer or high blood pressure at bay? To lower your blood pressure or cholesterol (胆固醇) ? To protect your bones? To live to a 37 old age?
        You'd think any of those reasons would be sufficient to get Americans exercising, but 38 of studies have shown otherwise. It seems that public health experts, doctors and exercise devotees in the media--like me--have been using ineffective measures to 39 people who sit too much to become, and
remain, physically active.
        For decades, people have been 40 with messages that regular exercise is necessary to lose weight, prevent serious disease and 41 healthy aging. And yes, most people say they value these goals. Yet a vast majority of Americans--two-thirds of whom are overweight or fat--have thus far tailed to
swallow the "exercise pill".
        Now research by psychologists 42 suggests it's time to stop thinking of future health, weight loss and body image as 43 for exercise. Instead, these experts recommend a strategy marketers use to sell products: portray physical activity as a way to enhance 44 well-being and happiness.
        "We need to make exercise 45 to people's daffy lives," Michelle L. Segar, a research investigator at the Institute for Research on Women and Gender at the University of Michigan, said in an interview.
"Everyone's schedule is packed with nonstop to-do's. We can only fit in what's essential.
A. attract
B. current
C. desire
D. eagerly
E. foster
F. healthy
G. improve
H. long
I. motivators
J. numbers
K. relevant
L. scores
M. strongly
N. surrendered
O. surrounded

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根据以下内容，回答47-56题。
        What You Really Need to Know
        A． A paradox (悖论)of American higher education is this: The expectations of　leading universities do much to define what secondary schools teach, and　much to establish a sample for what it means to be an educated man or　woman. College campuses are seen as the source for the newest thinking　and for the generation of new ideas, as society's cutting edge.
        B． And the world is changing very rapidly. Think social networking or stem cells. Most companies look nothing like they did 50 years ago. Think General Motors, AT&T or Goldman Sachs.
        C． Yet undergraduate education changes remarkably little over time. My predecessor as Harvard President, Derek Bok, famously compared the difficulty of reforming a curriculum with the difficulty of moving a cemetery (公墓). With few exceptions, just as in the middle of the 20th century, students take four courses a term, each meeting for about three hours a week, usually with a teacher standing in front of the room. Students are evaluated on the basis of examination essays handwritten in blue books and relatively short research papers. Instructors are organized into departments, most of whichbear the same names they did when the grandparents of today's students were undergraduates. A vastmajority of students still major in one or two disciplines centered on a particular department.
        D． It may be that inertia (惯性)is appropriate. Part of universities' function is to keep alive man'sgreatest creations, passing them from generation to generation. Certainly anyone urging reform doeswell to remember that in higher education the United States remains an example to the world, and thatAmerican universities compete for foreign students more successfully than almost any other Americanindustry competes for foreign customers.
        E．Nonetheless, it is interesting to speculate: Suppose the educational system is drastically altered torefleot the structure of society and what we now understand about how people learn. How will whatuniversities teach be different? Here are some guesses and hopes.
        F．1. Education will be more about how to process and use information and less about instructing it. Thisis a consequence of both the explosion of knowledge--and how much of it any student can truly absorb--and changes in technology. Before the printing press, scholars might have had to memorize The Canterbury Tales to have continuing access to them. This seems a bit ridiculous to us today. Bu tin a world where the entire Library of Congress will soon be accessible on a mobile device with search procedures that are vastly better than any card catalog, factual mastery will become less and less important.
        G．2. An inevitable consequence of the knowledge explosion is that tasks will be carried out with far more collaboration. As just one example, the fraction of economics papers that are co-authored has more than doubled in the 30 years that I have been an economist. More significant, collaboration is a much greater par,. of what workers do, what businesses do and what governments do. Yet the great superiority of work a student does is done alone at every level in the educational system. Indeed, excessive collaboration with others goes by the name of cheating.
        H．For most people, school is the last time they will be evaluated on indivividual effort. One leading investment bank has a hiring process in which a candidate must interview with upward of 60 senior members of the firm before receiving an offer. What is the most important specialty they're looking for? Not GMAT scores or college transcripts (成绩单), but the ability to work with others. As greater value is placed on collaboration, surely it should be practiced more in our nation's classrooms.
        I．3. New technologies will profoundly alter the way knowledge is conveyed. Electronic readers allow textbooks to be constantly revised, and to mix audio and visual effects. Think of a music text in which you can hear pieces of music as you read, or a history text in which you can see film clips about what you are reading. But there are more profound changes set in train. There was a time when professors had to prepare materials for their students. Then it became clear that it would be a better system if textbooks were written by just a few of the most able: faculty members would be freed up and materials would be improved, as competition drove up textbook quality.
        J．Similarly, it makes sense for students to watch video of the clearest math teacher or the most distinct analyst of the Revolutionary War rather than having thousands of separate efforts. Professors will have more time for direct discussion with students--not to mention the cost savings--and material will be better presented. In a 2008 survey of first-and second-year medical students at Harvard, those who used accelerated video lectures reported being more focused and learning more material faster than when they attended lectures in person.
        K．4. As articulated ted (明确有力地表达)by the Nobel Prize-winner Daniel Kahneman in "Thinking, Fast and Slow," we understand the processes of humaa thought much better than we once did. We are not rational calculating machines but collections of modules, each programmed to be skillful at a particular set of tasks. Not everyone learns most effectively in the same way. And yet in the face of all evidence, we rely almost entirely on passive learning. Students listen to lectures or they read and then are evaluated on the basis of their ability to demonstrate content mastery. They aren't asked to actively use the knowledge they are acquiring.
        L．"Active learning classrooms"—which gather students at tables, with furniture that can be rearranged and integrated technology—help professors interact with their students through the use of media and collaborative experiences. Still, with the capacity of modern information technology, there is much more that can be done to promote dynamic learning.
        M．5. The world is much more open, and events abroad affect the lives of Americans more than ever before. This makes it essential that the educational experience breed cosmopolitanism (国际化)—that students have international experiences, and classes in the social sciences draw on examples from around the world. It seems logical, too, that more in the way of language study be expected of students. I am not so sure.

There is no fixed way of effective learning because, people are collections of modules rather than rational calculating machines.

With the application of new technologies like Electronic readers, the quality of textbooks will be improved accordingly.

The explosion of knowledge and the changes in technology will make education mainly focus on the acquisition and the application of information.

Undergraduate education experienced little changes over time mainly due to the difficulties of the reform of a curriculum.

Interaction between professors and their students can be promoted in active learning classrooms.

Most of the people will be judged by their collaboration with others rather than individual effort after graduation.

According to a 2008 survey of freshmen and sophomores at a certain university, video lectures turned out to be more beneficial for students.

Work under collaboration will be conducted more than ever before due to the knowledge explosion.

Students who are well-informed of the global events an international-experienced will have better competitive advantages in the more open world.

Compared with the rest of the world, American universities enjoy obvious advantages in competing for overseas students.

Questions 57-61 are based on the following passage.
         In his first term. Mayor Michael Bloomberg mapped out a fair plan to get rid of 11,000 tons of New York City garbage every day. The complex proposal was designed to make each district take care of its own trash. It was also supposed to help limit noisy garbage trucks going long distances through, the city to reach marine barges (驳船), railways or out-of-state trash facilities.
        Nobody wanted these new garbage transfer stations in their neighborhood, even with promises of new high-tech, low-smell facilities. There are already stations in Brooklyn, Queens, the Bronx and Staten Island, most of them in lower-income commtmities. Only one area of the city--the Upper East Side of
Manhattan--has refused to accept a trash facility. The city should not give in to local resistance.
        It is time for residents in that neighborhood to accept a share of the city's garbage problem. The city should build a modern, environmentally sound facility at 91st Street to transfer trash from Manhattan to barges on the East River. That trash, estimated at up to 1,800 tons a day, would then go by barge to other states.
Deputy Mayor Cas Hoiloway said last week that the city has had to fight off "lawsuit after lawsuit" with "every useless argument under the sun" from those opposing the 91st Street facility. Those delays have helped push the cost for building the station from $125 million in 2006 to about $ 226 million now.
        An earlier trash station at that site, which was closed in 1999, was badly designed so that trucks idled along York Avenue. The new facility, Mr. Holloway said, has been designed to reduce the congestion problem with longer ramps (匝道) leading to the facility, which sits on the eastern side of Franklin D. Roosevelt Drive. The plans also call for higher noise-blocking walls along the ramps.
        This terminal is an essential part of the city's 20-year waste management plan. John Doherty, the sanitation (环境卫生) commissioner, told critics at a hearing last week, "We will not entertain any changes to what is a fair and thoughtful, district-based approach that was founded on the principles of environmental equity for all New Yorkers."
        Environmental equity, in this case, means that the Upper East Side of Manhattan has to do its part.

The plan worked out by Mayor Michael Bloomberg will______.

A. make garbage trucks no longer necessary
B. need more out-of-state trash facilities
C. reduce the amount of trash in the city
D. make each district deal with its own trash

According to the author, the city should______.

A. insist its plan to build trash stations in each district
B. establish new high-tech, low-smell facilities
C. build stations only in low-income communities
D. reach an agreement with the Upper East Side of Manhattan

What do we learn about the trash facility built at 91st Street?

A. It will generate no influence on the neighborhood.
B. It will help the neighborhood deal with trash by itself.
C. It will deal with about 1,800 tons of trash a day.
D. It will be built by the side of the East River.

The delays in building the 91 st Street facility______.

A. have put the city into trouble of nationwide opposition
B. have caused the city bigger financial pressure
C. have damaged the government's authority
D. have brought Deputy Mayor endless lawsuit

What can be inferred from what John Doherty said?

A. All the New Yorkers are equal.
B. The plan may be reconsidered.
C. Necessary changes can be made.
D. No one would enjoy any privilege.