People today are still talking about the generation gap.Some parents complain that their children do not show them proper respect,while children complain that their parents do not understand them at all.What has gone wrong?Why has the generation gap appeared?One important cause is that young people want to choose their own lifestyle.In more traditional societies,when children grow up,they are expected to live in the same area as their parents,to marry people that their parents like,and often to continue the family occupation.Parents often expect their children to do better than they do,to find better jobs,to make more money,and to do all the things that they were unable to do.Often,however,the high wishes that parents place on their children are another cause of the generation gap.Finally,the high speed of the social changes deepens the gap.In a traditional culture,people are valued for their wisdom,but in our society today the knowledge of a lifetime may be out of use overnight.

A.give them more independence

B.choose a good job for them

C.live together with them

D.make more money

A.make as much money as they do

B.be more successful than they are

C.choose jobs according to their children's own will

D.avoid doing what their parents can't do

A.the increasing dependence of children on parents

B.the influence of traditional culture on children

C.the rapid changes of the modern society

D.the missing of lifelong occupation

A.is still very much valued

B.becomes out of date quickly

C.is essential for continuing family occupation

D.helps the young generation to find a better job

A.Parents'Viewpoints on the Generation Gap

B.Relationship Between Family Members

C.Generation Gap Between the Young and the Old

D.Difference Between Traditional Culture and Modern Knowledge

The Open University is different from all other universities.Its students must be at least twenty-one years old.They must either work full-time or be at home all day,for instance，mothers of families.They don't have to pass any examinations before being accepted as students.This is why the university is called“open”.The university was started in order to help people who missed having a university education when they were young.The first name for the Open University was“The University of the Air”.The idea was to teach“on the air”,in other words,on the radio and television.They have brought the classroom into people's homes.But this,on its own,is not enough for a university education.So the students also have to receive advice at one of the 283 study centers in the country.Thirty-six weeks of the year they have to send written work to a“tutor”,the person who guides their studies.They must also spend three weeks every summer as a full-time student.Tutors and students meet and study together,as in other universities.At the end of the first year,most students pass their exams.And if they do this every year,they can expect to finish their studies in four years.

A.The Open University used to be called the University of the Air

B.The University of the Air used to be called the Open University

C.In the University of the Air,students should choose to be taught either on the radio or on television

D.The teaching quality in the Open University is far from satisfactory

A.Because it has no regular classroom at all

B.Because classes are given in the open

C.Because no entrance exam is imposed

D.Because it is open to anyone who applies

A.Those who have been laid off

B.Those who are aged 21 and above

C.Those who can go to evening schools

D.Those who have got a part-time job

A.To make money for the university

B.To encourage laid-off adults to go back to university

C.To make university education accessible to mothers of families

D.To help people who received no university education when they were young

A.the Open University is better than ordinary university in terms of teaching quality

B.a person who is under 21 years old can be admitted to an Open University

C.in the Open University,students just keep correspondence with their tutors and will never meet each other face to face

D.the Open University is really a blessing for those who missed receiving a university education when they were young

Named for the dense shade of their thick pines,the Black Hills of South Dakota have for centuries been considered holy by the Lakota Sioux,once the most powerful tribe in the West.Today,because of the passions of a few artists,the land itself has become holy in another way.

It took the obsessed sculptor Gutzon Borglum,his son Lincoln,and four hundred workers fourteen years(1927-1941)to complete an artistic and engineering project so monumental that no one believed it possible:carving and blasting the six-story faces of George Washington,Thomas Jefferson,Teddy Roosevelt,and Abraham Lincoln out of stony Mount Rushmore.A little trivia:Washington's eyes are 11 feet wide,and his nose is 26 feet Long.Mr.Lincoln,for his part,sporta mole(痣)that measures 16 inches across.

Just 17 miles away,the gigantic Crazy Horse Memorial is slowly taking shape.Also carved into granite(花岗岩),this memorial,when completed somewhere around 2050,after a century's labor,will depict(刻画)Native America's greatest warriors chief on his horse,dwarfing Mount Rushmore at 563 feet tall.The horse's nostril(鼻孔)alone will be large enough to hold a five-room house.

From Crazy Horse,head east on the beautiful 14-mile Needles Highway,past billion-ear-old granite hills,to Sylvan Lake and then north to Spearfish Canyon Scenic Byway,whose landscape you'll easily recognize as the backdrops used in the film Dances with Wolves.Alternatively,you can park your bags in the pleasant Game Lodge that served as Calvin Coolidge's Summer White House.Of the historic inn's seven rooms,you can still book the room the thirtieth president and his wife occupied during the three months in 1972.The lodge is one of three found within Custer State Park,whose 18-mile Wildlife Loop Road runs through unfenced meadows where herds of buffalo roam.

A.is famous for

B.is characterized by

C.is decorated with

D.is accompanied by

A.Washington's eyes

B.Washington's nose

C.Lincoln's mole

D.Crazy Horse's nose

A.Lincoln's face

B.Crazy Horse

C.Summer White House

D.Wildlife Loop Road

A.They were very large

B.They were carved out of granite

C.They were located in the Black Hills

D.They both depicted the Indian tribes

A.Thomas Jefferson

B.Teddy Roosevelt

C.Abraham Lincoln

D.Calvin Coolidge

Blind people can“see”things by using other parts of their bodies.This fact may help us to understand our feelings about color.If blind people can sense color differences,then perhaps we,too,are affected by color unconsciously(无意识地).

Manufacturers(生产商)have discovered by experience that sugar sells badly in green wrappings,that blue foods are considered unpleasant,and that cosmetics(化妆品)should never be packaged in brown.These discoveries have grown into a branch of color psychology.

Color psychology now finds application in everything from fashion to decoration.Some of our preferences are clearly psychological.Dark blue is the color of the night sky and therefore associated with calm,while yellow is a day color with associations of energy and incentive(刺激).For a primitive man,activity during the day meant hunting and attacking,so he soon saw red as the color of blood and anger and the heat that came with effort.And green is associated with passive defense and self-protection.

Experiments have shown that colors,partly because of their psychological associations,also have a direct psychological effect.People exposed to bright red show an increase in breath,in heartbeat and in blood pressure;red is exciting.Similarly,exposure to pure blue has exactly the opposite effect;it is a calming color.Because of its exciting meaning,red is chosen as the signal for danger,but closer analysis shows that a vivid yellow can produce a more basic state of alarm.So fire engines and ambulances in some advanced communities are now rushing around in bright yellow colors that stop the traffic dead.

A.associated with the time of the day

B.dependent on our personalities

C.linked with our ancestors

D.partly due to psychological factors

A.They breathe faster

B.They feel satisfied

C.Their blood pressure rises

D.Their hearts beat faster

A.Color probably has an effect on us which we are not conscious of

B.Yellow fire engines have caused many bad accidents in some advanced communities

C.People exposed to pure blue start to breathe more slowly

D.The psychology of color is of some practical use

A.Manufacturers often sell sugar in green wrapping

B.Dark blue brings people the feeling of being energetic

C.Primitive people associated heat and anger with red

D.Green and yellow are associated with calm and passive defense

A.The Branch of Color Psychology

B.Color and Its Meanings

C.The Practical Use of Color Psychology

D.Color and Feelings

Abby Subark is a mother of two kids from Boston.“For my kids,I’m nervous.I don’t know if they’ll be able to achieve their American dream.”She may be right.More than hard work or education,the best way to get rich in America is to be born rich.

It is the case that somebody who is in the upper third of income,with poor scores,at the bottom on tests when they are in eighth grade,is more likely to go to college and finish college than a poor kid with the top scores.That’s what the working person’s children are up against.

The Economic Policy Institute finds it would take a poor couple with 2 children 9 or 10 generations to achieve middle class status.That’s about 200 years.The typical feature of American opportunity has always been the ability to do better than your parents.But compared with similar developed countries,the United States ranks fifth out of six for so-called intergenerational mobility(变动).

If you look at the mechanisms(机制)for upward mobility that were so readily available 50 years ago,they are becoming out of reach,like plentiful factory jobs with good wages and affordable education and health care.

White families are twice as likely as blacks to be upwardly mobile.For most people in America today,where you end up depends on where you start.

If you started in the middle-income class,about 40 to 45 percent of what you are making right now is due to the fact that your parents were in the middle-income class.The rest is up to you.

But for the millions of people who find themselves below the poverty line and the millions more who are the working poor,their starting point for the American dream leaves them painfully far away from the middle class.

A.Her kids don’t want to catch up with other kids in achievements

B.Her kids don’t want to achieve success at all

C.Her kids can only achieve success through hard work and education

D.Her family is not rich enough to help her kids achieve their goals

A.People used to have more opportunities for upward mobility

B.A great many poor people can hardly realize their American dream

C.You can make all your dreams come true in America if born rich

D.Rich kids are more likely to go to college than poor kids

A.your starting point cannot determine your destination

B.only a high goal can ensure success

C.your birth has nothing to do with your fate

D.your family lays solid foundation for your future achievement

A.Poverty causes people much pain

B.People below the poverty line can never be in the middle class

C.Lower starting point makes it hard for people to realize their dream

D.Poor people’s starting point is too low

A.how the middle class came about in the U.S

B.it’s hard for poor Americans to realize their American dream

C.wealth and social status have little to do with family background

D.upward mobility in America is never easy