Passage 1
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the fllowing passage.
Walking is just not enough, according to a new review of the evidence from Public eath England (PHE), which reveals a major disonet between the exercise people need nd what they actually do.

Those who thought 10.000 steps a day or a brisk daily trudge (跋沙) from a further busstop meant they were doing enough to stay fit and healthy have got it wrong. People shouldalso all be doing tai chi, weight lifing or bllroom dancing.

Acrobic (有氧的) exercise, such as walking or gardening, is good for the heart andimproves the circulation. PHE's review said that muscle and bone strengthening and balanceactivities are also vital for health and future wellbeing, but they are neglected. Strengtheningand balance activities not only help prevent fll, but also help improve mood, sleepingpatterns, increase energy levels and reduce the risk of an early death.

Muscles tend to be at their peak in our 30s, said Louise Ansari from the Centre forAgeing Btte, and the muscle tone is going by the time we reach 40 unles we actively workon it. The best forms of exercise, according to the review of evidence, are ball games, tenis,dance, Nordic (北欧人的) walking and resistance training- ually taining with weights.
These exercise both arms and legs, strengthening muscles and helping us keep our balance.

Ansari said the type of exercise required depends on a person's fitness. “If you are areasonably fit adult and you do walking, you should also do yoga or tai chi or tennis orresistance training which could be in a structured exercise class."

But exercise doesn't have to be in a gym, she added.“You can also make sure you go upand down stairs a lot instead of taking the lift. That is resistance training, Your body isproviding the resistance. You don't have to go to the gym. As long as you are felig the achein your muscles."

Dance of all sorts is good for muscles and balance, from folk to blloom.“If you don'tfeel you can go to a fll-on dance class because you are a bit weak, standing on one leg for 30seconds a day or tai chi is very good."

Ansari said she doesn't use a gym.“I don't go and lift weights, but I make sure I'mcarrying shopping home and carrying things around- -consciously lifting weight."

The advice is not just for the elderly. "Alongside aerobic exercise, all adults should beaining to do strengthening and balancing ativities twice per week," said Ansari.“On averagewe're all living longer and this mixture of physical activities will help us stay well in ouryouth and remain independent as we age."

A. People like to keep ft by doing dancing

B. People enjoy walking to work every day.

C. People neglect some forms of exercise.

D. People overvalue the role of exercise.

A. Promoting sleep.

B. Reducing risks of fll.

C. Helping keeping balance,

D. Improving blood circulation.

A. Taking long walks.

B. Going in for tai chi.

C. Playing table tennis.

D. Doing weight lifing.

A. Walk with heavy things.

B. Go to a dance class.

C. Do yoga in a gym.

D. Take an elevator.

A. Do a mixture of exercises.

B. Exercise in a gym every day.

C. Attend some exercise classes.

D. Do aerobic exercise once a week.

Passage 2
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the fllowing passage.One simple solution to the gender pay gap is that if women don't like how much they'ebeing paid by their employers, they should simply quit their jobs and work for themselves.That makes me laugh out loud. Research shows that in 2016 self-employed men earned anaverage of £363 per week, while their female counterparts eared a third less at f243.

The reality is that women in self- employment run into exactly the same problems thatthose working for somneone else's business do. First, numerous self-employed women are insectors which are tainally lower paid, like caring and cleaning professions. Then, there isthe belief that women tend to ask for less than men, and so they are simply paid less. A2016academic study showed that in employment both men and women would treat a female askingfor a pay rise differently from a male. Although they might get the raise, the company wouldtend to hold it against them and see them as difcult or demanding. This instinctive reactionteaches women that they can ask for money but it's going to be a difficult experience andthey're going to be resented for it.

For me, however, the greatest reason for the pay gap in self-employment is the otivation behind striking out on your own. For men, the most common reason is becausethey want to be their own boss, for women it's because they want a better work-life balance.Women have a level of caring responsilities that traditional employment doesn't allow themto meet. There's also the reality that childcare is expensive, and support for this doesn't kickin for a few years. Women looking at sacrificing their entire salary simply to pay someoneelse to look after their child might think they're better off working for themselves.

We're only going to see more of this as caring responsibilities grow. We know thatwomen are hit by a double-bind (双重约束) of children and ageing parents, that it's moreificlt for them to re enter the workplace after taking time out for children, and that they'remore likely to prioritize flxibility over money.

You might say that these are choices that women make, and that if they choose to makethem then they have to acept they earn less. But what would happen if they didn't makethese choices? If no one looked afer their children or ageing parents?

Self-employed women are doing the same juggling (同时做多件事情的) act theiremployed peers are doing, and they're being punished for it in the same way. The gender paygap doesn't disappear because you work for yourself- it only widens.

A. It is dangerous.

B. It is ridiculous.

C. It is innovative.

D. It is helpful.

A. It is hard for women to get a pay rise.

B. Women lay lite emphasis on money.

C. It is rare to see men in caring professions.

D. Males eam more than females in cleaning profession.

A. Tell her the necessity of personal sarifice.

B. Uge her to well balance work and family.

C. Refuse to give her the needed flexibilityt.

D. Ask her to consider going self-employed.

A. are at a financial disadvantage

B. have a poor work environment

C. have confidence in decision making

D. have itte time in handling family afairs

A. The juggling act.

B. The gender pay gap.

C. The punishing schedule.

D. The self-employed group.

Passage 3
Questions”t0 15 are based on the fllowing passage.
In the second half of the 19th century, Europe was swept by a "mania (狂热) forJapanese aesthetics (美学)", said Nina Siegal in The New York Times. Closed to outsiders forcenturies, Japan had opened itself up to trade and diplomnacy, alowing the restof the world todiscover its unique visual culture. Artists were particularly taken with Japonisme, as it was
known, and none more so than Vincent van Gogh (1853- 90). Although he never actuallyvisited Japan, the Dutch artist developed a“fascination" with Japanese woodcut prints,cllecting hundreds of examples. Increaingly atracted by Japanese culture, van Gogh studiedand copied these prints, and their influence inevitably bled into his work. A new exhibition at，Amsterdam's Van Gogh Museum brings together nearly all of the artist's “'major"Japanese- influenced works, as well as about 50 of the prints that played a role in the evolutionofhis "distinctive style". This show has been five years in the making, said Michael Glover inThe Independent,“and it delves into (探索) this subject as never before".

Van Gogh undoubtedly had a“reverence" for Japanese printmakers like UtagawaHiroshige and Katsushika Hokusai, said Jonathan Jones in The Guardian. Two "direct copies"he made of Hiroshige nature scenes hang alongside the originals, demonstrating the intensepassion with which he studied the work. He drew on Eastern spiritual philosophy too,depicting himself as“a Japanese priest with shaven head" in a "tragic" late self-portrait. Yet 1can't help feeling that the exhibition overstates the importance of Japanese art in van Gogh'swork. It suggests that everything from his stl life drawings to masterpieces like his "lovely"1888 painting The Harvest were directly inspired by the likes of Hokusai, yet both clearlyowe more of a debt to Dutch painting traditions. Ultimately, the claim that van Gogh's art wastransformed by Japanese culture "simply does not hold up".

I disagree, said Waldemar Januszczak in The Sunday Times. Seeing van Gogh's workpaired with the Japanese prints, it's obvious they were crucial to the development of his style.He learnt compositional tricks from Japanese woodcuts, embracing their use of colour andperspective. More crucial sill, they led him to create art with a "devotional relationship tonature" entirely new to European painting. This is an important and appealing show that willlead you to an "inescapable" conclusion:“apanese art turmed van Gogh into van Gogh".

A. It pursued an aggressive diplomacy.

B. It was unknown to European artists.

C. It was open to the outside world.

D. It restricted its trade with Europe.

A. He put it into his own work.

B. He showed total indifference to it.

C. He took it as a crazy artistic form.

D. He went to Japan to learn about it.

A. It contains works of 50 Japanese artists.

B. It displays European atists' works.

C. Ilthas been prepared for five years.

D. It has attracted artists worldwide.

A. They are short of refctions of his life experiences.

B. They depict the transformation of Japanese culture.

C. They show a direct adaptation frorm Hokusai's works.

D. They are largely influenced by the European tradition.

A. It was unclear.

B. It was profound.

C. It was negative.

D. It was indirect.

Passage 4
Questions 16 1t0 20 are based on the fllowing passage.
My friend's ten-year-old daughter Julia has a new hobby, Like many of her school pals,she hopes to become a video blogger- a "vlogger". She's started to record clips of herself forothers to watch and "Ilike". She showed me a few, and then gave me a list of famous vloggersto watch. Their names sounded so bizarre. But they are tally familiar to teenage girls.

Like an earnest marketing executive, Julia explained to me that it was all a matter ofnumbers. If her videos are viewed 40,000 times on YouTube, she can have advertisementsplaced on them; 100,000, and companies would start sending her products to promote. Onemillion and she'd be a YouTube star.

This seemed a peculiar phenomenon but Julia is not alone. In fact, her dream is perectlynormal for her generation: one in three children between the ages of 11 and 16 have uploadeda video to YouTube. Who can blame them? Vlogging can now be a well-paid carcer, Unlikethe more traditional dream jobs- pop star, doctor, footballer, scientist- -it doesn't take mucheffort. All it requires is a smartphone and gallons of youthful self-confidence.

There're plenty of people with that. The 27-year-old British vlogger Zoella has mademillions from her channel. Ryan, the six year old American host of the YouTube channelRyanToysReview, made E8.5 million last year from reviewing toys and sweets.

Popular genres on YouTube are the "haul video"- where a vlogger reviews recentlyreceived items- and the“unboxing video", in which products are opened and then discussed.The message is: "I've got this, and you haven't." And then comes,“here's where to buy i".What the vloggers seem to have worked out is that the internet is a giant sales opportunity.

Not every girl can be Zoella, so the real winners are the tech companies, who areconstantly improving their systems to extract the maximum revenue from their audiences.They are keen to show their desire to help protect children from the darker areas of theintemnet. "YouTube Kids" is an app (应用软件) which is meant to filter out inappropriatevideos, but that is easier said than done. Algorithms (计算程序) haven't yet developed themoral sense to know what is good for children.

My friend said she was concermed about her daughter's vlogging but that it was difficultto intervene, for most girls in her class were obsessed with it. The girls all hope they mightcam millions, travel the world and become famous.

A. She has learned making videos.

B. She considers herself pretty.

C. She likes many celebrities.

D. She has taken to vlogging.

A. confident

B. creative

C. popular

D. rational

A. It is easy to abandon.

B. It is understandable.

C. It is cool to pursue.

D. It is impossible.

A. Show the gifts her pals have given to her.

B. Praise the objects she has newly obtained.

C. Demonstrate how to handle certain devices.

D. Tell how happy she is to have got something.

A. It is a shield against public criticism.

B. It is an instrument for making profit.

C. It is complex for children to handle.

D. It is unable to do what it is meant to.

Passage 5
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the. following passage.
From Monday to Friday, many of us have an early start and a long day. By the timewe've gone to bed and managed to fall asleep, we've been woken up by the alarm to do it allagain. Come the weekend, we're tally exhausted. We sleep in way past our usual wake-uptime, just to stay in sync (同时) enough to start again on Monday.

Welcome to social jet lag. That's the term for the difference between our working-weeksleeping pattern, when our sleep times relate to our resposibilities, and the weekend, whenwe can wake when we choose. And depending on what type of person you are, the differencecan be significant.

For night owls- those whose natural rhythm is to wake and go to bed later- -there can besignificant health-related isues, according to a recent study published by Taylor and FrancisGroup online. The study concludes the bigger the difference between working-week andweekend sleep times, the greater the health issues including a higher risk of heart diseaseand other metabolic (新陈代谢的) problems. And because so many jobs and tasks start early,night owls are ffectively forced into harmonizing with the early birds.

So what can night owls do: force themselves to integrate by sacrificing their lie-in? "It'sthe worst thing you can do," says Professor Tll Roenneberg at the Institute of MedicalPsychology at Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich. This is because people's sleeppatterm is half determined by genetics. The other half is related to their age and environment.Cetting less sleep is unlikely to realign (调整) your genetic tendencies.

Our bodies evolved to coordinate with the rise and fall of the Sun. We should feel sleepyas the light gradually disappears. But moderm life, with its rifcial light and modern devices,such as computers and smartphones, means we have turned away from the normal way. Nowwe are exposed to more light for longer periods of time, keeping our bodies awake longer. Fornight ows, who already tend to sleep later, this delays things even further.

One solution, beyond changing socity's early- start tendencies, is to reorient our bodyclock by manipulating our exposure to light. By taking more sunlight in the morning andminimizing the amount of artificial light we are exposed to in the evening- particularly onelectronic devices- we can rebalance our bodies to feel sleepy earlier. It's far from easy, butbetter than losing your whole weekend to sleep.

A. Cetting up early and staying up late the whole week.

B. The fact that one is suffering from constant seelessness.

C. The dfference between weekday and weekend sleep patterns.

D. The habit of sleeping in past the usual wake-up time on Mondays.

A. It may harmonize with nature.

B. It may incur more health risks.

C. People may have excessive work.

D. People may achieve greater success.

A. Genetics.

B. Health.

C. Gender.

D. Personality.

A. Artificial light and modern devices.

B. The evolved genes in their bodies.

C. Their shorter exposure to sunlight.

D. Disturbance from noisy neighbors.

A. Spending our whole weekend sleeping.

B. Minimizing sunbathing during the day.

C. Avoiding artificial light in the moming.

D. Exposing our bodies to a proper amount of light.