A Female Kenyan Wine Producer

  Mrs. Karanja is the founder of the only large-scale brewery (酿酒厂) in Kenya actually owned by a Kenyan. She was born in a middle-class family. She was lucky enough to have graduated from one of the best schools in Kenya. After marriage, she and her husband ran a hardware store (五金店) for seven years, but then she wanted to do something   more interesting.

Despite having no experience of the drinks industry, Mrs. Karanja recognized a gap in the market. Low-income Kenyans straggled to afford to buy the alcoholic products of the global firms. And many Kenyans were being injured or even killed by dangerous home-made wines.

  To solve this problem, Mrs. Kararja came up with the idea of making a fortified wine (加度葡萄酒). Despite being Iow-priced, the wine would be made to high standards. So using their savings, Mrs. Karanja and her husband set up their own brewery, Keroche.

  The beginning days were the toughest, because getting people to trust their products was not easy. Keroche also faced a problem in getting its products distributed, as most distributors wished to continue working only for famous global firms.

  Over the next five years, however, sales slowly built up. Later, the company stopped producing fortified wine and moved into beer and other drinks. Today, the business has a 20% share of the overall drinks market in Kenya. Mrs. Karanja is now considering expansion into other countries.

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The Early Life of Beethoven

  At an early age, Beethoven took an interest in music. His father taught him day and night. Without doubt, the child was gifted. His father expected him to become a new Mozart.

  At seven, Beethoven gave his first public performance in Cologne. His father announced that he was six years old. Because of this, Beethoven always thought that he was younger than he actually was.

  However, his father's musical and teaching talents were limited. Soon Beethoven began to learn the organ (风琴) and composition from Gottlob Neefe and other famous musicians. Neefe recognized Beethoven's extraordinary talents. While teaching him music, Neefe introduced him to the works of philosophers, ancient and modem.

  In 1782, Beethoven published his first work. The following year, Neefe wrote about his student in the Magazine of Music: 'If he continues like this, he will be, without doubt, the new Mozart.'

  In 1784, Beethoven was appointed organist of the court of Prince Franz. This post enabled him to frequent new circles other than those of his father and friends of his family. Here he met people who were to remain friends for the rest of his life.

  Prince Franz was also aware of Beethoven's talent. In 1787, he sent Beethoven to Vienna to meet Mozart and to further his musical education. Very soon, however, a letter called Beethoven back to Bonn: his mother was dying. She was the only person in his family with whom he had developed a strong and loving relationship. In 1792,    Beethoven went back to Vienna for musical education. He never returned to the town of his birth, Bonn.

A.He was a friend of Mozart's.

B.He was a gifted musician.

C.He was unclear about Beethoven's age.

D.He was Beethoven's first music teacher.

A.history

B.organ

C.composition

D.philosophy

A.1781

B.1782

C.1783

D.1784

A.published more musical works

B.made many lifelong friends

C.was able to go home frequently

D.got to know more friends of his father's

A.was close to his mother

B.went back to Bonn to meet Mozart

C.went to Vienna with Prince Franz in 1787

D.revisited his hometown occasionally after 1792

The Mental Benefits of Being Fit

①Exercise has obvious benefits to the teen body, but not all of them are physical. A teen goes through many changes in his or her body, brain and hormones (荷尔蒙). A teen who exercises regularly can not only better his or her physical fitness, but also increase mental fitness and self-confidence.

②The teen years can be rather stressful. Keeping fit and physically active can help teens reduce their stress levels. Parents should support their teens and provide equipment, or even volunteer as exercise partners. Teens who can use physical activity to lower their stress establish a healthy coping mechanism (机制) for life.

③During the teen years, hormones are constantly changing. A teen's mood can change with the wind. Exercise changes chemicals in the brain that control mood. Hormones released in the brain during activity increase happiness levels. A teen who exercises regularly will benefit from a healthy body and a more positive mood.

④Teens can struggle with self-confidence as they are trying to find their place in the world. Physical activity can increase a teen's self-confidence. When a teen girl can look at herself in the mirror and like what she sees, she has greater self-confidence. Finding an activity he likes can draw a teen boy into a group that accepts and appreciates him.

⑤Exercise leads to an increase in brain function. Regular exercise increases math task skills and reasoning. Short-term memory is also increased with regular exercise. A teen who benefits from increased intellectual (智力的) skills due to regular exercise will do better in school.

Task 1

A.Reduction of stress

B.Benefits of exercise

C.Release of more hormones

D.Increase of self-confidence

E.Increase of happiness levels

F.Improvement of intelligence

A.Reduction of stress

B.Benefits of exercise

C.Release of more hormones

D.Increase of self-confidence

E.Increase of happiness levels

F.Improvement of intelligence

A.Reduction of stress

B.Benefits of exercise

C.Release of more hormones

D.Increase of self-confidence

E.Increase of happiness levels

F.Improvement of intelligence

A.Reduction of stress

B.Benefits of exercise

C.Release of more hormones

D.Increase of self-confidence

E.Increase of happiness levels

F.Improvement of intelligence

A.Reduction of stress

B.Benefits of exercise

C.Release of more hormones

D.Increase of self-confidence

E.Increase of happiness levels

F.Improvement of intelligence

A.difficulties in life

B.supporting his parents

C.without any reason

D.performance in school

E.physically and mentally

F.doing exercise that interests him

A.difficulties in life

B.supporting his parents

C.without any reason

D.performance in school

E.physically and mentally

F.doing exercise that interests him

A.difficulties in life

B.supporting his parents

C.without any reason

D.performance in school

E.physically and mentally

F.doing exercise that interests him

A.difficulties in life

B.supporting his parents

C.without any reason

D.performance in school

E.physically and mentally

F.doing exercise that interests him

A.difficulties in life

B.supporting his parents

C.without any reason

D.performance in school

E.physically and mentally

F.doing exercise that interests him

Art

  Art seems to appear in human history as far back as 30,000 years ago. We say the earliest cave paintings are art, but what do we mean by 'art'? A bone fish hook (钩) obviously required skill and creativity to make. ____26____  

  For the person who creates it, art expresses feelings and ideas. ____27____ The feelings and ideas on each side may or may not be exactly the same. And they may be expressed in various ways.

  An artistic work is intended to excite the senses, to stir (激发) the emotions of the observer. ____28____ But art is more than an attempt by an individual to express or communicate feelings and ideas. There is also cultural patterning and meaning.

  Artistic activities are always in part cultural. In our society, we tend to think that anything useful is not art. If the basket has a design that is not necessary to its function, we may consider it art. ____29____ However, this difference is not made in other societies.

  Another example is that people in different societies treat the outside of their houses differently. Most North Americans share the value of decorating the inside of their homes with pictures. ____30____

  So art seems to have several qualities. It expresses as well as communicates. And it also has cultural meanings.

A.But we do not call it art.

B.It may produce feelings of beauty, peace or fear.

C.For the observer, it stimulates feelings and ideas.

D.Art does not require its creators to be full-time specialists.

E.But the basket with bread on the table would probably not be taken as art.

F.But they do not share the value of painting pictures on the outside walls.

A.But we do not call it art.

B.It may produce feelings of beauty, peace or fear.

C.For the observer, it stimulates feelings and ideas.

D.Art does not require its creators to be full-time specialists.

E.But the basket with bread on the table would probably not be taken as art.

F.But they do not share the value of painting pictures on the outside walls.

A.But we do not call it art.

B.It may produce feelings of beauty, peace or fear.

C.For the observer, it stimulates feelings and ideas.

D.Art does not require its creators to be full-time specialists.

E.But the basket with bread on the table would probably not be taken as art.

F.But they do not share the value of painting pictures on the outside walls.

A.But we do not call it art.

B.It may produce feelings of beauty, peace or fear.

C.For the observer, it stimulates feelings and ideas.

D.Art does not require its creators to be full-time specialists.

E.But the basket with bread on the table would probably not be taken as art.

F.But they do not share the value of painting pictures on the outside walls.

A.But we do not call it art.

B.It may produce feelings of beauty, peace or fear.

C.For the observer, it stimulates feelings and ideas.

D.Art does not require its creators to be full-time specialists.

E.But the basket with bread on the table would probably not be taken as art.

F.But they do not share the value of painting pictures on the outside walls.

Samuel Johnson

  Samuel Johnson was an English writer. He was born on 18 September 1709. He was ____31____ at a grammar school. He spent a brief ____32____ at Oxford University. However, he was forced to leave due to lack of money. Unable to find teaching work, he drifted into writing. In 1735, he married. In 1737, Johnson ____33____ to London. He wrote on a ____34____ variety of subjects. He ____35____ became famous in the literary field. His Dictionary of the English Language was ____36____ in 1755. It was the most ____37____ dictionary at that time. Johnson was ____38____ short of money, despite the ____39____ of his dictionary. In 1762, his ____40____ situation changed with a government pension (养老金). Johnson died on 13 December 1784.

A.huge；E.moved；I.published

B.formally；F.period；J.book

C.success；G.continually；K.educated

D.important；H.financial；L.gradually